Netty-TCP粘包和拆包及解决方案

Posted by 麦子 on Friday, 2020年04月03日

[TOC]

说明文章资料来源:尚硅谷韩顺平Netty视频教程(2019发布) https://www.bilibili.com/video/av76227904?p=36

可以查看文章《TCP粘包和消息不完整》

TCP 粘包和拆包基本介绍

  1. TCP 是面向连接的,面向流的,提供高可靠性服务。收发两端(客户端和服务器端)都要有一一成对的 socket, 因此,发送端为了将多个发给接收端的包,更有效的发给对方,使用了优化方法(Nagle 算法),将多次间隔 较小且数据量小的数据,合并成一个大的数据块,然后进行封包。这样做虽然提高了效率,但是接收端就难于 分辨出完整的数据包了,因为面向流的通信是无消息保护边界的

  2. 由于 TCP 无消息保护边界, 需要在接收端处理消息边界问题,也就是我们所说的粘包、拆包问题, 看一张图

  3. 示意图 TCP 粘包、拆包图解

Xnip2020-04-05_14-07-22

对图的说明:

假设客户端分别发送了两个数据包 D1 和 D2 给服务端,由于服务端一次读取到字节数是不确定的,故可能存在以 下四种情况:

  1. 服务端分两次读取到了两个独立的数据包,分别是 D1 和 D2,没有粘包和拆包

  2. 服务端一次接受到了两个数据包,D1 和 D2 粘合在一起,称之为 TCP 粘包

  3. 服务端分两次读取到了数据包,第一次读取到了完整的 D1 包和 D2 包的部分内容,第二次读取到了 D2 包的剩余内容,这称之为 TCP 拆包

  4. 服务端分两次读取到了数据包,第一次读取到了 D1 包的部分内容 D1_1,第二次读取到了 D1 包的剩余部 分内容 D1_2 和完整的 D2 包。

TCP 粘包和拆包现象实例

MyServer

package com.nettycode.stickingandunpacking;
/*
 * @Description: 请输入....
 * @Author: 麦子
 * @Date: 2020-04-03 16:49:26
 * @LastEditTime: 2020-04-03 16:49:43
 * @LastEditors: 麦子
 */


import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;

public class MyServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{

        EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(1);
        EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();

        try {

            ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
            serverBootstrap.group(bossGroup,workerGroup).channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class).childHandler(new MyServerInitializer()); //自定义一个初始化类


            ChannelFuture channelFuture = serverBootstrap.bind(7000).sync();
            channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();

        }finally {
            bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
            workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
        }

    }
}

MyServerInitializer

package com.nettycode.stickingandunpacking;
/*
 * @Description: 请输入....
 * @Author: 麦子
 * @Date: 2020-04-03 16:49:26
 * @LastEditTime: 2020-04-03 16:50:06
 * @LastEditors: 麦子
 */



import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;


public class MyServerInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> {

    @Override
    protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
        ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();

        pipeline.addLast(new MyServerHandler());
    }
}

MyServerHandler

package com.nettycode.stickingandunpacking;

import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;

import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.UUID;

public class MyServerHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<ByteBuf>{
    private int count;

    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
        //cause.printStackTrace();
        ctx.close();
    }

    @Override
    protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ByteBuf msg) throws Exception {

        byte[] buffer = new byte[msg.readableBytes()];
        msg.readBytes(buffer);

        //将buffer转成字符串
        String message = new String(buffer, Charset.forName("utf-8"));

        System.out.println("服务器接收到数据 " + message);
        System.out.println("服务器接收到消息量=" + (++this.count));

        //服务器回送数据给客户端, 回送一个随机id ,
        ByteBuf responseByteBuf = Unpooled.copiedBuffer(UUID.randomUUID().toString() + " ", Charset.forName("utf-8"));
        ctx.writeAndFlush(responseByteBuf);

    }
}

MyClient

package com.nettycode.stickingandunpacking;
/*
 * @Description: 请输入....
 * @Author: 麦子
 * @Date: 2020-04-03 16:49:26
 * @LastEditTime: 2020-04-03 16:49:50
 * @LastEditors: 麦子
 */



import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;

public class MyClient {
    public static void main(String[] args)  throws  Exception{

        EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();

        try {

            Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
            bootstrap.group(group).channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
                    .handler(new MyClientInitializer()); //自定义一个初始化类

            ChannelFuture channelFuture = bootstrap.connect("localhost", 7000).sync();

            channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();

        }finally {
            group.shutdownGracefully();
        }
    }
}

MyClientInitializer

package com.nettycode.stickingandunpacking;
/*
 * @Description: 请输入....
 * @Author: 麦子
 * @Date: 2020-04-03 16:49:26
 * @LastEditTime: 2020-04-03 16:49:58
 * @LastEditors: 麦子
 */

import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;


public class MyClientInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> {
    @Override
    protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {

        ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
        pipeline.addLast(new MyClientHandler());
    }
}

MyClientHandler

package com.nettycode.stickingandunpacking;

import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;

import java.nio.charset.Charset;

public class MyClientHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<ByteBuf> {

    private int count;
    @Override
    public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        //使用客户端发送10条数据 hello,server 编号
        for(int i= 0; i< 10; ++i) {
            ByteBuf buffer = Unpooled.copiedBuffer("hello,server " + i, Charset.forName("utf-8"));
            ctx.writeAndFlush(buffer);
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ByteBuf msg) throws Exception {
        byte[] buffer = new byte[msg.readableBytes()];
        msg.readBytes(buffer);

        String message = new String(buffer, Charset.forName("utf-8"));
        System.out.println("客户端接收到消息=" + message);
        System.out.println("客户端接收消息数量=" + (++this.count));

    }

    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
        cause.printStackTrace();
        ctx.close();
    }
}

运行结果

服务器接收到数据 hello,server 0hello,server 1hello,server 2hello,server 3hello,server 4hello,server 5hello,server 6hello,server 7hello,server 8hello,server 9
服务器接收到消息量=1



服务器接收到数据 hello,server 0
服务器接收到消息量=1
服务器接收到数据 hello,server 1hello,server 2hello,server 3
服务器接收到消息量=2
服务器接收到数据 hello,server 4hello,server 5hello,server 6
服务器接收到消息量=3
服务器接收到数据 hello,server 7hello,server 8hello,server 9
服务器接收到消息量=4

可以看到, 这里都是明显的不确定数据按几次发送过去的。

TCP 粘包和拆包解决方案

  1. 使用自定义协议 + 编解码器 来解决

  2. 关键就是要解决 服务器端每次读取数据长度的问题, 这个问题解决,就不会出现服务器多读或少读数据的问 题,从而避免的 TCP 粘包、拆包 。

看一个具体的实例

  1. 要求客户端发送 5 个 Message 对象, 客户端每次发送一个 Message 对象

  2. 服务器端每次接收一个 Message, 分 5 次进行解码, 每读取到 一个 Message , 会回复一个 Message 对象 给客 户端.

代码实例

MyServer

package com.nettycode.stickyandunpackingsolutions;


import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;

public class MyServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{

        EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(1);
        EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();

        try {

            ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
            serverBootstrap.group(bossGroup,workerGroup).channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class).childHandler(new MyServerInitializer()); //自定义一个初始化类


            ChannelFuture channelFuture = serverBootstrap.bind(7000).sync();
            channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();

        }finally {
            bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
            workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
        }

    }
}

MyServerInitializer

package com.nettycode.stickyandunpackingsolutions;



import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;


public class MyServerInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> {

    @Override
    protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
        ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();

        pipeline.addLast(new MyMessageDecoder());//解码器
        pipeline.addLast(new MyMessageEncoder());//编码器
        pipeline.addLast(new MyServerHandler());
    }
}

MyServerHandler

package com.nettycode.stickyandunpackingsolutions;

import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;

import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.UUID;


//处理业务的handler
public class MyServerHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<MessageProtocol>{
    private int count;

    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
        //cause.printStackTrace();
        ctx.close();
    }

    @Override
    protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, MessageProtocol msg) throws Exception {

        //接收到数据,并处理
        int len = msg.getLen();
        byte[] content = msg.getContent();

        System.out.println();
        System.out.println();
        System.out.println();
        System.out.println("服务器接收到信息如下");
        System.out.println("长度=" + len);
        System.out.println("内容=" + new String(content, Charset.forName("utf-8")));

        System.out.println("服务器接收到消息包数量=" + (++this.count));

        //回复消息

        String responseContent = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
        int responseLen = responseContent.getBytes("utf-8").length;
        byte[]  responseContent2 = responseContent.getBytes("utf-8");
        //构建一个协议包
        MessageProtocol messageProtocol = new MessageProtocol();
        messageProtocol.setLen(responseLen);
        messageProtocol.setContent(responseContent2);

        ctx.writeAndFlush(messageProtocol);


    }
}

MessageProtocol

package com.nettycode.stickyandunpackingsolutions;
/*
 * @Description: 请输入....
 * @Author: 麦子
 * @Date: 2020-04-03 17:00:27
 * @LastEditTime: 2020-04-03 17:01:18
 * @LastEditors: 麦子
 */


//协议包
public class MessageProtocol {
    private int len; //关键
    private byte[] content;

    public int getLen() {
        return len;
    }

    public void setLen(int len) {
        this.len = len;
    }

    public byte[] getContent() {
        return content;
    }

    public void setContent(byte[] content) {
        this.content = content;
    }
}

MyMessageEncoder

package com.nettycode.stickyandunpackingsolutions;

import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.handler.codec.MessageToByteEncoder;

public class MyMessageEncoder extends MessageToByteEncoder<MessageProtocol> {
    @Override
    protected void encode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, MessageProtocol msg, ByteBuf out) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("MyMessageEncoder encode 方法被调用");
        out.writeInt(msg.getLen());
        out.writeBytes(msg.getContent());
    }
}

MyMessageDecoder

package com.nettycode.stickyandunpackingsolutions;

import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.handler.codec.ReplayingDecoder;

import java.util.List;

public class MyMessageDecoder extends ReplayingDecoder<Void> {
    @Override
    protected void decode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ByteBuf in, List<Object> out) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("MyMessageDecoder decode 被调用");
        //需要将得到二进制字节码-> MessageProtocol 数据包(对象)
        int length = in.readInt();

        byte[] content = new byte[length];
        in.readBytes(content);

        //封装成 MessageProtocol 对象,放入 out, 传递下一个handler业务处理
        MessageProtocol messageProtocol = new MessageProtocol();
        messageProtocol.setLen(length);
        messageProtocol.setContent(content);

        out.add(messageProtocol);

    }
}

MyClient

package com.nettycode.stickyandunpackingsolutions;



import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;

public class MyClient {
    public static void main(String[] args)  throws  Exception{

        EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();

        try {

            Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
            bootstrap.group(group).channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
                    .handler(new MyClientInitializer()); //自定义一个初始化类

            ChannelFuture channelFuture = bootstrap.connect("localhost", 7000).sync();

            channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();

        }finally {
            group.shutdownGracefully();
        }
    }
}

MyClientInitializer

package com.nettycode.stickyandunpackingsolutions;

import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;


public class MyClientInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> {
    @Override
    protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {

        ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
        pipeline.addLast(new MyMessageEncoder()); //加入编码器
        pipeline.addLast(new MyMessageDecoder()); //加入解码器
        pipeline.addLast(new MyClientHandler());
    }
}

MyClientHandler

package com.nettycode.stickyandunpackingsolutions;
/*
 * @Description: 请输入....
 * @Author: 麦子
 * @Date: 2020-04-03 17:00:26
 * @LastEditTime: 2020-04-05 15:51:43
 * @LastEditors: 麦子
 */

import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;

import java.nio.charset.Charset;

public class MyClientHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<MessageProtocol> {

    private int count;
    @Override
    public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        //使用客户端发送10条数据 "今天天气冷,吃火锅" 编号

        for(int i = 0; i< 5; i++) {
            String mes = "今天天气冷,吃火锅";
            byte[] content = mes.getBytes(Charset.forName("utf-8"));
            int length = mes.getBytes(Charset.forName("utf-8")).length;

            //创建协议包对象
            MessageProtocol messageProtocol = new MessageProtocol();
            messageProtocol.setLen(length);
            messageProtocol.setContent(content);
            ctx.writeAndFlush(messageProtocol);

        }

    }

//    @Override
    protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, MessageProtocol msg) throws Exception {

        int len = msg.getLen();
        byte[] content = msg.getContent();

        System.out.println("客户端接收到消息如下");
        System.out.println("长度=" + len);
        System.out.println("内容=" + new String(content, Charset.forName("utf-8")));

        System.out.println("客户端接收消息数量=" + (++this.count));

    }

    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("异常消息=" + cause.getMessage());
        ctx.close();
    }
}

运行效果

服务器接收到信息如下
长度=27
内容=今天天气冷吃火锅
服务器接收到消息包数量=1
MyMessageEncoder encode 方法被调用
MyMessageDecoder decode 被调用



服务器接收到信息如下
长度=27
内容=今天天气冷吃火锅
服务器接收到消息包数量=2
MyMessageEncoder encode 方法被调用
MyMessageDecoder decode 被调用



服务器接收到信息如下
长度=27
内容=今天天气冷吃火锅
服务器接收到消息包数量=3
MyMessageEncoder encode 方法被调用
MyMessageDecoder decode 被调用



服务器接收到信息如下
长度=27
内容=今天天气冷吃火锅
服务器接收到消息包数量=4
MyMessageEncoder encode 方法被调用
MyMessageDecoder decode 被调用



服务器接收到信息如下
长度=27
内容=今天天气冷吃火锅
服务器接收到消息包数量=5
MyMessageEncoder encode 方法被调用
MyMessageDecoder decode 被调用



服务器接收到信息如下
长度=27
内容=今天天气冷吃火锅
服务器接收到消息包数量=1
MyMessageEncoder encode 方法被调用
MyMessageDecoder decode 被调用



服务器接收到信息如下
长度=27
内容=今天天气冷吃火锅
服务器接收到消息包数量=2
MyMessageEncoder encode 方法被调用
MyMessageDecoder decode 被调用



服务器接收到信息如下
长度=27
内容=今天天气冷吃火锅
服务器接收到消息包数量=3
MyMessageEncoder encode 方法被调用
MyMessageDecoder decode 被调用



服务器接收到信息如下
长度=27
内容=今天天气冷吃火锅
服务器接收到消息包数量=4
MyMessageEncoder encode 方法被调用
MyMessageDecoder decode 被调用



服务器接收到信息如下
长度=27
内容=今天天气冷吃火锅
服务器接收到消息包数量=5
MyMessageEncoder encode 方法被调用

可以看到每次都发送5个数据包。 其中的核心代码

public class MyMessageEncoder extends MessageToByteEncoder<MessageProtocol> {
    @Override
    protected void encode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, MessageProtocol msg, ByteBuf out) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("MyMessageEncoder encode 方法被调用");
        out.writeInt(msg.getLen());
        out.writeBytes(msg.getContent());
    }
}

每次发送的时候记录了长度length。

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